Health and Safety Report 2019
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
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Contents
The UK Oil and Gas Industry Association Limited (trading as OGUK) 2019 OGUK uses reasonable efforts to ensure that the materials and information contained in the report are current and accurate. OGUK offers the materials and information in good faith and believes that the information is correct at the date of publication. The materials and information are supplied to you on the condition that you or any other person receiving them will make their own determination as to their suitability and appropriateness for any proposed purpose prior to their use. Neither OGUK nor any of its members assume liability for any use made thereof.
1. 2. 3.
Foreword
4 6 8
Key Findings
2018 Performance
3.1 3.2
Process and Personal Safety Operator Safety Performance Benchmarking
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19
3.3 3.4
Asset Integrity Performance Indicators 23
Health
26 33 34 35 36 38 39 40 41 42 44 45 46 48
4.
Offshore Helicopter Operations
4.1 4.2 4.3
Overview
Current Helicopter Types
Offshore Helicopter Reportable Accidents
4.4
Accident Analysis
5.
Significant Activities
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.8 5.9
Forums, Groups and Networks
Regulatory Engagement Tripartite Committees
Other External Groups and Organisations 43
Consultations Publications
2019 Key Activities
6.
Glossary
OGUK's vision is to ensure the UK Continental Shelf becomes the most attractive mature oil and gas province in the world with which to do business.
Read all our industry reports at www.oilandgasuk.co.uk/publications
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
1. Foreword
W elcome to OGUK’s 2019 Health & Safety Report , which provides an overview of the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) offshore oil and gas industry’s health and safety performance in 2018, as well as a summary of the work undertaken by various OGUK groups to continuously improve performance and protect the people who work in our industry. In last year’s report, OGUK highlighted the concerns raised by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) about industry’s hydrocarbon release record and described the actions initiated to ensure that these concerns were addressed. At the time, it was acknowledged that while the overall trend was of improvement, the number of major releases had plateaued to around two per year. In 2018, the number of confirmed major releases increased to four; if left unaddressed, this situation could change from progress stalled to progress reversed. Industry is addressing this problem. OGUK’s plan defines clear next steps to ensure that preventing hydrocarbon releases remains at the top of the agenda, including industry endorsement of a set of principles in process safety leadership. This report details the actions industry has taken and those planned for the coming months, along with a description of the intense cross-industry collaboration and co-operation in reducing hydrocarbon releases. 2018 was the second consecutive year without a fatality and the longer-term rolling reportable non-fatal injury rate continues to fall. Although 2018 remains one of the best periods on record for personal safety, the over- seven-day and specified injury rates both, however, saw year-on-year increases. Across UKCS helicopter operations, the fatal accident rate per 100,000 flying hours dropped to zero for the first time since 2001, and the all-accident rate halved, falling to 0.26. These are welcome results and reflect the amount of work being undertaken in the areas of operational effectiveness, reliability and the introduction of new technology and equipment. OGUK’s Aviation Seminar brought together industry aviation experts including helicopter operators, oil and gas operators, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and many others. The keynote address by the Civil Aviation Authority’s group director for safety and airspace regulation stated that North Sea helicopter operations benefited from some of the highest professional standards anywhere in the world. As well as safety, OGUK members work to ensure that the health of the workforce is maintained or improved, and this year mental health and wellbeing has been a priority area. A review of good practice, based on a survey of members, showed that industry is making progress in providing employment conditions conducive to health and wellbeing. The number of medical evacuations occurring offshore has seen a small increase, although it is unclear what the underlying causes for this might be. In this regard, OGUK is undertaking a detailed review and update of its medical examination guidelines to reflect current thinking and practice. The aim is to ensure that stakeholders have greater confidence in the general level of fitness in the offshore workforce and that a consistent approach is adopted by industry.
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1
The findings from this report have informed OGUK’s focus for the year ahead. The four key health and safety topics identified are: hydrocarbon release prevention; major hazard management, particularly guidance for a safety case fit for the future; improvements in aviation safety; and the health of the offshore workforce. OGUK continues to enable and support industry improvements in the vital area of health and safety. With ongoing collaboration across all stakeholders, sustainable improvement is achievable. All these matters and more are expanded upon within this report. We hope you find the content to be both interesting and informative. Any queries should be directed to OGUK health & safety manager Trevor Stapleton at tstapleton@oilandgasuk.co.uk.
Trevor Stapleton, Health & Safety Manager, OGUK
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
2. Key Findings
Personal Safety
Process Safety
• There has been an increase in the number of reportable incidents with 289 such occurrences recorded in 2018, 12% higher than 2017 • Hydrocarbon releases (HCRs) were the single largest category of reportable incidents (37%), followed by dropped objects (25%)
• There were no work-related fatalities in 2018
• Fractures were the most common type of reportable injury, followed by strains and sprains • Slips, trips and falls, and lifting and handling injuries were the most common causes of injuries • The over-seven-day injury rate has increased by 12%, with 302 per 100,000 workers in 2018, up from 269 in 2017 • The UKCS lost-time injury frequency is higher than the all-European average, at 0.72 per million man-hours compared to 0.7, but lower than Denmark and Norway
• There were 4 confirmed major HCRs in 2018
• Safety critical maintenance backlog is 59% lower than the peak in 2015, but is beginning to show an upward trend
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2
Health
Aviation
• 127,474 OGUK medicals were performed by registered doctors in more than 60 countries, up from 110,688 in 2017 • Blood pressure was the most common cause for failure of an offshore medical, with 25% of all failures attributable to associated health conditions
• Offshore helicopter operations in 2018 were conducted without an accident
• The fatal accident rate per 100,000 flying hours dropped to zero for the first time since 2001 • Flying hours increased by 12% to 77,286 in 2018, up from 69,005 in 2017, but there were 69,913 fewer passengers transported • There has been no change in the number of helicopter types supporting UKCS operations from last year and the Sikorsky S92 continues to be the predominant airframe in use
• The most frequent cause of medevacs was for suspected cardiac incidents
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incidents were dropped objects at 28%
under RIDDOR has decreased by 24%
HCR releases under RIDDOR in 2018
HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
3. 2018 Performance
In Summary T he UK offshore oil and gas industry is committed to protecting people, the natural environment and assets by maintaining safe operations. The industry continually strives to improve personal and process safety, using performance indicators to monitor how well this is being managed. Personal safety metrics point to industry’s performance in managing risks to an individual. However, to minimise harm to people, the primary focus for this major hazard industry must be on process safety, and the effective containment of hydrocarbons and associated hazards. Major accidents occur rarely and so lagging indicators, such as hydrocarbon releases, are combined with leading indicators to give a better picture of safety performance. Leading indicators include items such as maintenance backlogs for safety-critical elements and overdue verification findings. These are used to monitor how well safety-critical elements, which are designed to prevent, control or mitigate the effects of major incidents on an installation, are being managed. Process safety performance indicators, while perhaps not as obviously about “safety” as the injury statistics, are nevertheless critical to measuring performance and ensuring the industry continues to manage major accident risk effectively. Bone fractures were the most common reportable injury at 32% In 2018 nearly 127,500 OGUK offshore medicals were conducted 77,286 fligh ours were flown in 2018
Slips, trips and falls account for 26% of all injuries
There were zero fatalities in 2018
Health & Safety Report 2019 – Facts and Figures Health & Safety Report 2019 – Facts and Fi ures
Perform Perform
33 The three-year average non-f injury rate fe
The most common causes of failed medicals were blood pressure and diabetes
There is an upward trend in major HCR releases under RIDDOR in 2018 There is an upward trend in major HCR releases under RIDDOR in 2018
most common reportabl incidents were dropped objects at 28% most common reportable incidents were dropped objects at 28%
per 100,00 workers
Offshore Helicopter Operations Slips, trips and falls account for 26% of all injuries Bone fractures were the most common reportable injury at 32%
Slips, trips and falls account for 26% of all injuries
Bone fractures were the most common reportable injury at 32%
55,245 Over
There were 74 active aircraft in the UKCS Helicopter fleet, made up of 6 airframe types
Offshore helico operations in 201 conducted wit an incident
passengers were flown offshore in 2018
In 2018 nearly 127,500 OGUK offshore medicals were conducted In 2018 nearly 127,500 OGUK offshore medicals
The most com causes of failed m were blood pres and diabete The most com causes of failed m
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most common reportable incidents were dropped objects at 28%
trend in major HCR releases under RIDDOR in 2018
significant HCR re under RIDDOR decreased by 2
In 2018 nearly 127,500 OGUK offshore medicals were conducted
Slips, trips and falls account for 26% of all injuries
It is also important to manage the health and well- being of the offshore workforce effectively, given the remoteness of the worksite and the nature of the work they perform. A suite of occupational health-related legislation regulates the offshore working environment to ensure that risks to health are controlled. In addition, it is industry policy that all persons working offshore are examined regularly by a medical professional and deemed medically fit before travelling offshore. The Oil & Gas UK medical standard and the registered examining doctors who conduct assessments in line with this standard help to ensure that the workforce is medically fit for work offshore. Bone fractures were the most common reportable injury at 32% alth & Safety Report 2019 acts and Figures
There were ze fatalities in 20
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Offshore
In 2018 nearly 127,500 OGUK offshore medicals were conducted
The most common causes of failed medicals were blood pressure and diabetes
755,245 Over
77,286 flight hours were flown in 2018
Performance
passengers were flown offshore in 2018 There is an upward trend in major HCR releases under RIDDOR in 2018 77,286 flight hours were flown in 2018
Offshore Helicopter Oper The number of significant HCR releases
755,245 Over most common reportable incidents were dropped objects at 28%
under RIDDOR has decreased by 24%
Sig
OGUK has assisted recent consultations including the Offshore Safety Directive and the SCR 2015 review There were 74 active aircraft in the UKCS Helicopter fleet, made up of 6 airframe types
passengers were flown offshore in 2018 Bone fractures were the most common reportable injury at 32%
Slips, trips and falls account for 26% of all injuries
There were zero fatalities in 2018
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
3.1 Process and Personal Safety
Incident Reporting Requirements relating to reportable incidents are defined by the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR) regulations, 1 and the EU Offshore Safety Directive (OSD) Implementing Regulation No 1112/2014. Under this legislation, defined incident types with high potential to cause significant injuries, termed dangerous occurrences, and other defined incidents such as failure of a safety critical element must be reported to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). The reporting requirements in the European regulations are broadly alignedwith RIDDOR categories, but additional reportable incident categories have been introduced, and the category names are different. 2 The section below includes information on both RIDDOR and EU reportable offshore incidents. As seen in Figure 1 below, there remains a downward trend in the overall number of incidents since the peak in 2000–01. 2018 saw 289 such incidents, a 12 per cent increase from 2017, but still 62 per cent below the peak levels of 2000–01, and the second lowest annual total in the period. There were fewer reportable incidents in 2017 and 2018 than any other years in the period.
Figure 1: Reportable Incidents
900
*
800
700
600
500
400
Number of Reportable Incidents
300
200
100
0
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
*Period of reporting changed from fiscal to calendar year
Source: Health and Safety Executive, 2019
1 See www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1471/schedule2/made 2 See https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32014R1112
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Figure 2 breaks down the reportable incidents by type. Categories from the EU Implementing Regulations and RIDDOR have been combined where appropriate, e.g. “release or escape of a dangerous substance” and “unintentional release of hazardous substances” have been combined into the loss of containment (non- HCR) category. Hydrocarbon releases (HCRs) are the largest single type of reportable incident, followed by dropped objects.
There were eight more incidents of collapse, overturning or failure last year than in 2017 (an increase of 73 per cent) and seven more loss of containment (non-HCR) incidents (an increase of 64 per cent).
Figure 2: Breakdown of Reportable Incidents, 2018
3
4 4
11
17
73
1
7
Other*
Evacuation
17
Collapse, Overturning or Failure
Loss of Containment (Non-HCR)
Weather Damage
Failure of SECEs, Well Barrier & BA Well Incidents
25
Pipeline
Fire or Explosion
Hydrocarbon Releases
Dropping Objects
104
* Other includes collision, faliure of a pressure system, loss of station, unintentional change of position, and unassigned (one each)
Source: Health and Safety Executive, 2019
Hydrocarbon Releases The HSE collates data on hydrocarbon releases within the offshore oil and gas industry. Most HCRs are identified as such in the figure above, but it should be noted that some incidents defined as wells, pipeline and/or fire and explosion may also include hydrocarbon releases. In addition to introducing new reporting requirements, Implementing Regulation No 1112/2014 changed the criteria for what is deemed to be a reportable hydrocarbon release. All UKCS installations have now transitioned to the Safety Case Regulations 2015 (SCR 2015) and share a uniform system for HCR reporting.
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
The HSE assigns a severity classification to reported hydrocarbon releases, defining themas eitherminor, significant or major. A minor release has potential to cause serious injuries or a fatality within the immediate vicinity but would not be expected to result in a multiple fatality event or significant escalation. A significant release is one with the potential to cause serious injury or fatality to personnel within the local area and to escalate within that local area — for example, by causing structural damage, secondary leaks or damage to safety systems — while a major release is one with the potential, if ignited, to cause multiple casualties or rapid escalation affecting, for example, other modules, the temporary refuge or escape routes. Figure 3 overleaf shows the total number of reportable hydrocarbon releases in 2018, under the RIDDOR reporting regime and under the EU regulation. The upward trend apparent in the three-year moving average in 2018 is attributable to the number of additional releases reported under the new legislation, as a comparison with Figure 4 demonstrates. The number of significant releases continues to decrease year on year, but major releases have shown an increase in 2018. Figure 4 shows the same data with the additional EU-reportable HCRs excluded to allow for comparison. This shows that the downward trend in HCRs shown in the three-year moving average has plateaued in 2018. If the rate of hydrocarbon releases continues on the current trajectory during 2019 and 2020, there will be an increase for the first time in over a decade. However, in the period shown it is notable that year-on-year increases such as those seen in 2009–10 and 2013 have been followed by improving performance. Nevertheless, industry is not complacent, and further information about current industry activity to prevent HCRs can be found later in this report.
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Figure 3: Hydrocarbon Releases Occurring Offshore
300
Awaiting Classification Minor Significant Major Three-Year Moving Average
250
200
3
150
Number of Releases
100
50
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Source: Health and Safety Executive, 2019
Figure 4: RIDDOR Reportable Hydrocarbon Releases
300
Unclassified Minor Significant Major Three-Year Moving Average
250
200
150
Number of Releases
100
50
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Source: Health and Safety Executive, 2019
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
Figure 5 shows the releases with a severity classification of major only. Annual fluctuations aside, the general trend has been of reduction, but in recent years the number of major releases had plateaued at two or three per year. Four major releases are identified in the 2018 results below, although the HSE has indicated that it believes at least one additional release is likely to be assigned to the major category, once classified. This increase in the most serious releases has driven the development of a co-ordinated industry drive to address the root causes.
Figure 5: Major Hydrocarbon Releases
30
Three-Year Moving Average
25
20
15
Number of Releases
10
5
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017* 2018
* 2017 data includes one as yet unclassified release expected to be major
Source: Health and Safety Executive, 2019
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Personal Injuries and Fatalities Reportable injuries in the UK are categorised into two types: over-seven days injuries, where a work-related injury results in the injured person being unable to return to work for seven days or more; and specified injuries and fatalities. Figure 6 shows work-related fatalities at offshore installations recorded since 1996 (excluding helicopter incident figures, which are covered in section 4 of this report). In 2018 there were no work-related fatalities in the UK sector.
Figure 6: Fatal Injuries Offshore
3
Year
Number of Fatalities
Year
Number of Fatalities
1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–00 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07
2 3 1 2 3 3 0 3 0 2 2
2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14
0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018
The non-fatal injury rate is calculated from the number of over-seven-day and specified injuries reported to the HSE, 3 as well as offshore population figures calculated from Vantage POB data. The breakdown of over-seven-day and specified injuries per 100,000 workers since 2001 is given overleaf. The over-seven-day injury rate increased from 269 to 302 injuries per 100,000 workers in 2018, although it remains lower than the 432 recorded in 2014. The specified injury rate showed an increase in 2018, up to 66 per 100,000 workers, from 7 in 2017. Given the drop-off in specified injuries reported in 2017, the apparent increase is in fact a return to normal trends, as Figure 7 shows. This is consistent with the downward trend since 2013, which is the first directly comparable year when the RIDDOR category “major injury” was redefined to “specified injury”.
3 Defined list of reportable injuries in Regulation 4 of RIDDOR 2013
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
Figure 7: Over-Seven-Day and Specified Injury Rate per 100,000 Workers
900
*
Over-Three/Over-Seven-Day Injury Rate
800
Specified Injury Rate
700
600
500
400
300 Injury Rate per 100,000 Workers
200
100
-
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2013
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
Source: Health and Safety Executive, 2019; Vantage POB
*Period of reporting changed from fiscal to calendar year
The three-year rolling average non-fatal injury rate is considered in Figure 8 below. Taking a longer-term average means that annual fluctuations are smoothed and provides a clearer trend. It is notable that after a period of slight increase in the years to 2014–15, a downward trend is apparent in the years since.
Figure 8: Three-Year Rolling Average Reportable Non-Fatal Injury Rate per 100,000 Workers
900
*
800
700
600
500
400
300 per 100,000 Workers
200
Calculated Rate of Reportable Non-Fatal Injury
100
-
2014-16
2015-17
2016-18
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2003/04 -
2004/05 -
2005/06 -
2006/07 -
2007/08 -
2008/09 -
2009/10 -
2010/11 -
2011/12 -
2012/13 -
*Period of reporting changed from fiscal to calendar year
Source: Health and Safety Executive, 2019; Vantage POB
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Bone fractures were the most common reportable injury in 2018, with 34 reported, followed by strains and sprains (28) and lacerations (13). The full breakdown of injury types is given in Figure 9.
Figure 9: Reportable Injuries by Type, 2018
2 1 1 1
3
5
5
34
3
Bone Fracture Strain / Sprain Laceration Other Known Injury Contusion Superficial Injury Serious Burns Amputation Multiple Injury Unconsciousness Unknown Injury
13
13
28
Source: Health and Safety Executive, 2019
The most common cause of injury was slips, trips and falls on the same level, followed by lifting and handling injuries. A full breakdown of the type of accident involved in the injury is shown in Figure 10 below.
Figure 10: Reportable Injuries by Direct Cause
30
25
20
15
Number of Injuries
10
5
0
Slip, trip, fall same level
Lifting and handling injuries
Struck against Struck by object
Another kind of accident
Low fall (up to & inc. 2m)
Contact with machinery
Exposure to harmful substance
Fall (height not known)
High fall (over 2m)
Source: Health and Safety Executive, 2019
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
Figure 11 compares the UK offshore oil and gas industry’s performance with other European offshore sectors, based on the lost-time injury (LTI) frequency data from the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP). 4 This geographical comparison demonstrates that the UK is in fact higher than the European average. However, the UK had a lower LTI frequency than directly comparable sectors in the North Sea, with 0.72 LTIs per million man-hours, compared with 0.75 in the Norwegian sector.
Figure 11: Lost Time Injury Frequency for Oil and Gas Sectors Surrounding the UK
2017 2018 European Average
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
Lost Time Frequency per Million Man-Hours
0.4
0.2
0
The Netherlands
UK
Norway
Denmark
Source: International Association of Oil and Gas Producers
4 The IOGP data is voluntarily submitted by its members before being validated by its Safety Committee. It should be noted that IOGP membership is limited to international exploration and production operators, and therefore incident frequencies per country are based on submissions from member operators only.
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3.2 Operator Safety Performance Benchmarking Every year, OGUK conducts a benchmarking exercise so that production installation operators can compare their own safety performance against the industry average. Other industry associations monitor and report the safety performance of marine and drilling contractors, which are therefore not included. Thirty-one installation operators were included in the benchmarking exercise this year. Participating companies receive their individual results, but for the purposes of presenting the aggregated anonymised data, each company is allocated a letter. Note that the same identifier is not assigned to the same operator for each of the categories shown. The following figures list the participating companies and present the anonymised results from key elements of the benchmarking exercise. The average frequency rate for those companies is calculated to the industry standard of incidents per million man-hours based on a 12-hour working day. Incident frequency rates, rather than absolute numbers, are used for comparison in this exercise, but even with that standardisation, the wide variation in frequency rates between best and worst performers is affected by the relative size of the company’s operations. In the more detailed benchmarking report issued to companies directly, organisations are therefore separated into three bands by size to minimise this effect.
3
Figure 12: Participating Companies
Participating Companies
Apache North Sea Ltd Bluewater Services BP Exploration Operating Company Ltd
INEOS UK E&P Holdings Limited Neptune Energy ONE-Dyas Perenco UK Limited Petrofac Premier Oil UK Limited Repsol Sinopec Resources UK Limited RockRose Serica
Bumi Armada Ltd BW Offshore AS Centrica Storage Ltd Chevron North Sea Ltd Chrysaor CNOOC
CNR International UK Limited ConocoPhillips (UK) Limited Dana Petroleum Limited ENI UK Limited EnQuest Plc Equinor UK Limited Fairfield Energy Limited
Shell UK Ltd Spirit Energy
TAQA Bratani Ltd Teekay Petrojarl Total E&P UK Limited Wintershall Nordzee B.V.
NB: companies are listed in alphabetical order and this does not correspond to the letters allocated to companies in the performance charts
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
Figure 13 shows the average frequencies for reportable incidents and reportable injuries for duty holders. The frequency of reportable incidents has risen from 4.35 per million man-hours in 2017 to 4.4 in 2018. There were 251 incidents on production installations, up from 247 last year, but below the ten-year average of 296 incidents per year. The average frequency of reportable injuries has also increased, from 1.46 per million man-hours previous year, to 1.79 in 2018.
Figure 13: Reportable Incidents and Reportable Injury Frequencies
10
Reportable Incident Frequency Reportable Injury Frequency
9
8
7
2 Frequency (per Million Man -H ours) 3 4 5 6
1
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Source: Health and Safety Executive, Vantage POB and OGUK
Figures 14 and 15 overleaf show the reportable incidents and reportable injury frequency for each company against the average for the group over the past two years. Most operators (22) recorded frequencies below the 2018 average for dangerous occurrences, and most operators (22) recorded frequencies below the 2018 average for reportable injuries. Four operators completed the year having recorded no reportable incidents, while eight operators experienced no reportable injuries.
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Figure 14: Production Installation Operators’ Safety Performance Benchmarking Results – Reportable Incidents
25
Reportable Incident Frequencies (per M illion M an -H ours) 2017 Average
2018 Average
20
10 Reportable Incidents per Million Man -H ours 15
3
5
0
A B C D E F G H I
J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA AB AC AD AE
Company Identifier
Source: Health and Safety Executive 2019 , Vantage POB and OGUK
Figure 15: Production Installation Operators’ Safety Performance Benchmarking Results – Reportable Injuries
10
Reportable Injury Frequency 2018 Average 2017 Average
9
8
4 Reportable Injuries per Million Man -H ours 5 6 7
3
2
1
0
A B C D E F G H I
J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA AB AC AD AE AF
Company Identifier
Source: Health and Safety Executive 2019 , Vantage POB and OGUK
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
The table below summarises operator safety performance benchmarking for production installations in absolute numbers since 2008.
Figure 16: Benchmarking Performance Summary
Major / Specified Injuries
Over-Seven Day Injuries
Reportable Incidents
Year
Fatalities
Man-Hours
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0
26 36 23 25 27 32 16 15 18
90 95 85 72 70 81 68 65 81 81
343 343 397 347 260 316 306 262 232 247 251
47,167,713 44,009,650 43,897,119 45,081,195 51,339,945 56,695,543 56,793,896 53,778,551 52,332,393 56,759,996 56,936,436
103
2
19
10-Year Average
0.5
21
81
296
51,762,472
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3.3 Asset Integrity Performance Indicators The UK offshore oil and gas industry has a voluntary asset integrity key performance indicator (KPI) scheme in place using data that has been collected since 2008. The scheme is administered by OGUK, whereby data are collected at the end of every quarter and cover two-thirds of UKCS installations. The three cross-industry asset integrity-related KPIs are seen in Figure 17. KPI-1 is a lagging indicator and is monitored by HSE through RIDDOR incident reporting mechanisms, as covered in section 3.1. KPI-2 and KPI-3 serve as leading indicators looking at performance relating to safety critical elements. They enable the industry to monitor and measure a key aspect of its overall effort and performance in relation to asset integrity management.
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Figure 17: UK Asset Integrity Key Performance Indicators
Level KPI-1 KPI-2 KPI-3
Hydrocarbon Releases
Verification Non-Compliance
Safety-Critical Maintenance Backlog
KPI-2 Verification Non-Compliance The Offshore Safety Case 5 regime requires duty holders to identify andmaintain safety and environmentally critical elements (SECE). SECE are systems that are critical to prevent, control or mitigate the safety and/or environmental impacts of potential major accident hazards (MAH) and are specific to an installation. Each SECE must comply with a defined performance standard which has been developed based on the parameters of the MAH present on the installation. Every installation will have many SECE, including fire and gas detection systems, emergency shutdown systems and temporary refuge. To ensure that these are suitable for their intended purpose, remain in good condition and repair, and comply with the relevant performance standard, they are subject to a verification process. Verification is undertaken by an independent competent person (ICP) and the ICP must report any deficiencies in relation to the performance standards or the verification scheme itself. Findings raised by the ICP are ranked as levels 1, 2 or 3 depending on their severity using common definitions as outlined below. OGUK collects data on the performance of these systems from duty holders on a quarterly basis. KPI-2 monitors and measures non-compliances under levels 2 and 3, as they are the more significant findings.
5 Every offshore installation has a Safety Case — accepted by HSE — that demonstrates they have the ability and means to control major accident risks effectively.
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
Figure 18: Current Definitions — Verification Findings
Level 1
Performance standard satisfied, but ICP may suggest an improvement to the system or may request additional information to demonstrate compliance with a performance standard. Single performance standard failure with no significant threat to the installation. Fundamental weakness of the SECE assurance system that involves multiple failures of a performance standard(s) or presents a significant threat to the integrity of the installation.
2 3
At the end of 2018, the average number of open (unresolved) level 2 findings per installation was four, which is an increase on the three reported in 2017. That figure was higher for floating installations (eight) and lower for normally unmanned installations (three). On a quarterly basis, the average number of level 2 findings that are raised and closed has remained consistent since 2011, at around two or three per quarter.
The industry KPI reporting further categorises open findings into 'open-overdue' and 'related to process containment', as it is the latter which are the most important type of SECE.
Level 3 findings relate to more serious matters raised by the ICP. As such, findings are relatively rare and the number per installation is small. The total number across all participating installations is monitored and reported to ensure they are being closed out in a timely manner.
KPI-3 Safety-Critical Maintenance Backlog KPI-3 produces a record of safety-critical (SC) maintenance backlog in three distinct categories:
• Planned preventative SC maintenance that has passed its scheduled completion date and is now overdue • Corrective SC maintenance where equipment undergoing SC maintenance has been found to need some form of repair or recertification • Deferred SCmaintenance that has not been carriedout at its planned completiondate but has been rescheduled following a robust deferral assessment of the risk associated with deferring maintenance Figure 19 is a high-level snapshot of industry performance since the second half of 2013. As shown, the backlog man-hours have decreased since the end of 2013. 2018 saw an increase in overall safety critical maintenance backlog from the end of 2017. However, following the peak in late 2013 there has been an overall downward trend in total safety-critical maintenance backlog hours. This trend is reflected in reduced backlog for preventative and corrective hours.
Despite there being an increase of the deferredmaintenance backlog at the start of 2018, a corresponding decrease in preventative maintenance backlog meant that the downward trend resumed later in the year.
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Maintenance is a key activity and despite the downturn in the industry there has been a sustained downward trend in safety-critical maintenance backlog hours since the peak in 2015. This trend is reflected in the preventative and the corrective hours, however, the deferred maintenance backlog started to show an increase at the start of 2018 from the end of 2017. Deferred maintenance schemes are often used to ensure that maintenance is scheduled efficiently in line with planned shutdowns, or when the end of life of the installation is approaching. This increase may therefore be driven by installation-specific factors, or by larger infrastructural requirements such as the planned Forties Pipeline shutdown in 2020. Variations in the quarterly performance can make it difficult to ascertain overall trends; 2017 and 2018 both saw increases in backlog between the first and second quarters which were later reversed. The annual rolling average, which shows the longer-term trend in backlog, does indicate an increase starting in 2018. OGUK will continue to monitor this closely to determine either that the increase is temporary, or, if it is not, ensure that concerted action is taken to address it.
3
Figure 19: Average Preventative, Corrective and Deferred Safety-Critical Maintenance Man-Hours in Backlog per Installation
3000
Deferred Maintenance
Corrective Maintenance in Backlog
Preventive Maintenance in Backlog Rolling A verage
2500
2000
1500
1000
Average Number of Man-Hours in Backlog per Installation
500
0
Q1 2015 Q2 2015 Q3 2015 Q4 2015 Q1 2016 Q2 2016 Q3 2016 Q4 2016 Q1 2017 Q2 2017 Q3 2017 Q4 2017 Q1 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4 2018
25
HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
3.4 Health
Examining Doctors’ Assessments and Training The OGUK standard for medical fitness to work offshore is recognised as a global standard in the industry. The list of examining doctors on the OGUK register that can carry out such assessments includes practitioners from 60 countries across Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Americas and Africa. 6 To register, medical professionals must complete the association’s Introduction for Oil & Gas UK Registered Doctors training. The training course is designed to give delegates knowledge of life and work offshore so that they have a better understanding of the standard of medical fitness required. Over 100 new doctors were trained and registered in 2018. OGUK also hosts an annual Examining Doctors Conference to bring together registered doctors from across the world, providing them with essential updates and networking opportunities. Almost 100 doctors from across four continents attended the 2018 conference. Each year, the registered doctors carry out medical assessments of offshore oil and gas employees around the globe using the Oil & Gas UK Medical Aspects of Fitness for Offshore Work: Guidance for Examining Physicians . 7 The doctors submit a statistical return, indicating the total number of medicals they have performed and the numbers of cases in which individuals have failed to pass their assessments, as well as the reasons for those failures. The number of medicals performed increased again in 2018, reaching the highest level since 2010. The use of the OGUK guidelines as a global standard for working offshore means that not all those medicals were conducted for individuals working in the UKCS.
In 2018, the fail rate of examinations remained steady at around 1 per cent, lower than the average rate of 1.15 per cent for the period shown below.
Figure 20: Examining Doctors Statistics
Year
Total Number of Medicals Conducted
Number of Medicals Failed Percentage Medicals Failed
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
56,850 59,900 93,219 113,006 118,597 111,651 99,104 110,688 127,474
784 665
1.38 1.11 1.38 1.18 1.08 1.01 1.14 1.21 1.02
1,284 1,333 1,285 1,125 1,125 1,339 1,298
6 Find out more about the OGUK Register for Examining Doctors at www.oilandgasuk.co.uk/doctors 7 The Medical Aspects of Fitness for Offshore Work: Guidance for Examining Physicians is available to download at www.oilandgasuk.co.uk/product/medical-aspects-of-fitness-for-offshore-work-guidelines-for-examining-physicians/
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A breakdown of the medical assessment failure rate by age group shows that in 2018, those aged 20–29 were around three times more likely to fail their examination than those over 40. In 2017, by contrast, the trend in fail rates increased with the age of the candidate. OGUK holds only two years of data about reasons for failure and the sample size is likely to be too small to support any wider demographic conclusions at present.
Figure 21: Percentage of Failed Assessments by Age
2017
2018
5.0%
3
4.5%
4.0%
3.5%
3.0%
2.5%
2.0% Failure Rate
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
<20
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60+
Age Group
Source: OGUK
27
HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
As in previous years, the most common reason for individuals being declared unfit to work offshore was blood pressure (25 per cent), which was most prominent in the 40–49 age group. Diabetes (15 per cent) and cardiac illnesses (11 per cent) were also significant cause for failure and were similarly higher in that age group. Drug abuse, whilst not one of the most common reasons of examination failure (just 7 per cent of total failures), formed a larger percentage of failed examinations for those below 40 (15 per cent), and just over 4 per cent of failed examinations for those over 40.
Figure 22: Reason for Failed Assessment by Age
450
Other Drug Abuse Cardiac Diabetes Blood Pressure
400
350
300
250
200
150
Number of Failed Assessments
100
50
0
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
< 20
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
>60
Delegate Age and Year of Assessment
Source: OGUK
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To enable the safe introduction of in-water Category A Compressed Air Emergency Breathing System (Cat-A EBS) training last year, an additional 'fitness to train' assessment was developed. Data collated for 2018 shows that of the 24,651 individual assessment completed, 450 individuals (nearly 2 per cent) were advised to undertake dry training only, as pre-existing health conditions put them at additional risk of injury if they undertook in-water training. In over one-third of such cases, this was due to asthma, followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) at 27 per cent. The full breakdown is shown in Figure 23.
Figure 23: Medical Reasons for Dry Cat-A EBS Training, 2018
3
59
5
8
161
Asthma COPD ENT Problem Pneumothorax Pulmonary TB Sarcoidosis Other
57
35
125
Source: OGUK
29
HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
Medical Evacuations As a remote and potentially hazardous workplace where support from the usual emergency services is not available, offshore installations are required to have medical facilities onboard to allow the medic, supported by a topsides doctor, to provide appropriate medical treatment and care to injured or ill personnel until they can be returned to shore. For less acute conditions or minor injuries, this may mean the person is simply treated onboard and continues to work the rest of their rota on normal or restricted duties. For some personnel, the appropriate route may be to wait until the next scheduled flight, but for the most serious conditions, which require onshore treatment as a matter of urgency, the industry and coastguard search and rescue (SAR) helicopters are used. In 2018, emergency medevacs were requested a total of 241 times, with peak demand during the months of October and April (32 and 29, respectively). These medevacs were completed using coastguard SAR helicopters. Themost common reason for a call out remains suspected cardiac incident, followed by injury and acute abdominal issues, in line with the previous year’s data.
Figure 24: Reasons for Emergency Medical Evacuations, 2018
7
8
9
52
9
10
Cardiac Injury Other Acute Abdomen CVA GI Collapse Renal Respiratory Mental Health Infectious Disease
13
15
43
22
53
Source: OGUK
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Figure 24 shows the breakdown by age for emergency medevacs and the breakdown by age for the whole offshore workforce. The 30–39 demographic is proportionately under-represented in medevacs, with only 17 per cent of cases (despite making up 32 per cent of the offshore workforce), while the proportion of medevacs associated with the 60 and over group is higher, with 20 per cent of medevacs and only 7 per cent of the general offshore population.
Figure 25: Proportion of Medevac and General Offshore Population by Age Group, 2018
3
Outer - Medevacs
N ot G iven <20
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 >60
<20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 >=60 Inner - General Population
Source: MCA, 2019; Vantage POB
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HEALTH & SAFETY REPORT 2019
Mental Health and Wellbeing In 2018, the OGUK Occupational Health and Hygiene Group introduced a mental health and wellbeing theme into its work plan for the year, including a survey of member companies. The survey used the recommendations of 'Thriving at Work, the Stevenson-Farmer review of mental health and employers' 8 as the basis for a questionnaire which asked member companies represented in the group and the OGUK Operators’ Health and Safety Group about their arrangements for managing mental health and wellbeing in their workforces. The review identifies six ‘core standards’ for all organisations. The survey results showed that the industry is making good progress in this area, as shown in Figure 26, with the majority of respondents reporting that they had either implemented or partially implemented all six core standards.
Figure 26: Employers’ Mental Health and Wellbeing Arrangements
In place Partially in place In development
Not in place Did not answer
Routinely monitor Employee Health and Wellbeing
Promote Effective People Management
Provide Good Working Conditions
Encourage Open Conversations
Develop Mental Health Awareness
Mental Health at Work Plan or Policy
0
20
40
60
80
100
Responses (per cent)
Source: OGUK Survey, 2019
In addition to the six core elements, Thriving at Work identified four enhanced standards. Ninety-two per cent of respondent companies reported that they met at least one these of these, the provision of tailored support through employee health insurance or employee assistance programmes. Almost half demonstrated accountability by having a nominated health and wellbeing lead at board or senior leadership level (48 per cent).
8 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/658145/ thriving-at-work-stevenson-farmer-review.pdf
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per 100,000 workers
injuries per 10 workers in 2
4. Offshore Helicopter Operations shore Helicopter Operations
Slips, trips and falls account for 26% of all injuries
Bone fractures re the most common portable injury at 32%
There were zero fatalities in 2018
Over 100 new d were trained registered in
In Summary T he use of helicopters in the offshore UKCS sector remains a fundamental requirement for industry, providing a means of transportation to and from installations and a rescue, recovery and medical evacuation service in support of the offshore workforce. Whilst the industry can never be complacent, having suffered four fatal accidents claiming 38 lives since 1997, safety performance over the last five years would suggest that improvements in helicopter safety are having a positive effect. No accidents in 2018 means that the North Sea is recording a five-year fatal accident rate of zero for the first time since 2001. The Sikorsky S92 remains the work horse of the North Sea industry, carrying two-thirds of passengers to and from offshore installations. It has a good global safety and reliability record (over 1.5 million fleet flight hours and an average availability above 92 per cent 9 ). Aviation safety continues to be a priority for OGUK and the wider industry. A number of safety-based initiatives have been implemented since the Sumburgh accident and by continuing to work with the helicopter operators, other stakeholders and various helicopter safety groups, OGUK will ensure that current and future plans— including the introduction of newand/or revised aircraft types, and industry resilience — continue to be championed. k.co.uk /healthandsafetyreport OGUK has led a robust response to the HSE’s concerns over HCRs main task finish groups were in operation this year s re the 6 Significant Activities There were 74 active aircraft in the UKCS Helicopter fleet, made up of 6 airframe types Offshore helicopter operations in 2018 were conducted without an incident In 2018 nearly 127,500 OGUK offshore medicals were conducted The most common causes of failed medicals were blood pressure and diabetes 77,286 flight hours were flown in 2018 5 There were 74 active aircraft in the UKCS Helicopter fleet, made up of 6 airframe types
The UKCS five-year average all accident rate has decreased from
0.52 to 0.26
3
per 100,000 flying hours
755,245 Over 335 The three-year rolling average non-fatal injury rate fell to
per 100,000 workers
passengers were flown offshore in 2018
Offshore Helicopter Operations
Offshore helicopter operations in 2018 were conducted without an incident
wn
9 https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/ sikorsky-s-92-helicopter.html
Significant Activities
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